vDr. Mauricio Granillo Barrera (*)
The economic, social and political crises that can be perceived in the countries of Latin America and his diverse effects in the exercise of the civil rights, show up some limitations and lacks of the democratic system.
These democracies still cannot solve the absence of equity of the civil rights of the persons who meet serious difficulties when they try to present his demands to those who must represent his interests in accordance with the established legal order.
As a result, we find completely polarized countries generally split into two edicts, where into certain circumstances, the absence of solid political leaderships might make these so called democracies ungovernable.
In the majority of the democracies of Latin America it is continued by the dependency on the political parties, which in some cases enjoy less credibility and are ruled by rings or coordinating groups of the power, being models of the past, with high indexes of corruption, which have come gradually losing prestige and legitimacy in his gesticulating.
It is necessary to point out that a political culture is democratic, when you relate it between leaders and governed, including nongovernmental organizations, they are sustained in values like the freedom, the political equality, the pluralism, the legality, the tolerance, the civil participation, and, certainly, the dialogue and if it will be necessary, the negotiation. To strengthen this democratic political culture it is necessary to consolidate the exercise of the dialogue as way of doing politics.
In accordance with the previous thing, the democratic diet must base his existence on a revaluation of the politics, understood like a way for the establishment of agreements, agreements and agreements.
In this sense, the possibilities of the dialogue are determined by the aptitude of the diverse actors to face difficult situations by means of the negotiation.
In any democracy there appears the model of organization and solution of controversies from two assumptions that are: the representation and the participation.
It is in this topic where the social dialogue and the democracy turn indissoluble concepts: there is no dialogue without taking the representation as a social form for the decision making, and there is no democracy, without participation; both conceptions joined the elements earlier mentioned and to the absolute respect to the democracy, they allow a more developed democratic coexistence.
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Certainly, in a democracy the dialogue helps to balance the different positions and to avoid the rupture of laws, regulations and procedures across which the pacific coexistence develops between citizens with equal rights and obligations.
It is not also necessary to forget that the conflicts are intrinsic to the democracy, therefore this one must to assure the dialogues and the agreements that should arise from the same ones, to mitigate the possible dangers that such conflicts transport.
It is in this context that the democracy needs consensuses to obtain major social cohesion, to try the social peace, the respect irrestricto of the human rights, to legitimize the public politics and to reach major governance levels.
In a democratic system we are generally before a legitimization or acceptance of the conflict and certainly the recognition of which before a society pluralista and heterogeneous where social groups live together with divergent interests, the conflict remains latent.
The sostenibilidad of the democracy and the social peace are based precisely on the democratization of the institutions and of the procedures, on the permanent development of the instruments that make possible the dialogue, the economic development, the elimination of the social inequalities and the discrimination and in the end the real social citizenship.
Some factors become necessary so that the social dialogue is suitable, between that we can quote: a) attitudes, aptitudes and vocations favorable to the dialogue; b) perception of the need, expediency, practicality and efficacy of the dialogue; c) bona fide participation and reciprocal confidence, included the intention of trying mutual authorizations that agreements allow to be convenient and they to fulfill.
The democracy is an immense human experience. It is tied to the historical search of the freedom, the justice and the material and spiritual progress. That's why, it is an experience permanently unfinished.
Our democracies need more social dialogue and more leadership based fundamentally on beginning. Only this way we will be able to reach more just and more human societies.
(*) Dr. Mauricio Granillo Barrera is a Salvadoran lawyer
resident in the USA.
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